1 — Reading: Internships
Read the article. Which paragraph (1–3) is about…? Match a–c below.

Internships: a step on the career ladder or unpaid labour?

1 The internship is a well-known starting point for any new graduate looking for their first step onto the career ladder. It’s a great way to get hands-on work experience and a sure sign to any future employer that you have plenty of self-motivation. Many global companies now offer internship programmes. In the USA, Google recruits 3,000 interns in the summer, promising the chance to ‘do cool things that matter’. The Bank of China runs an eight-week programme. In Japan, one software company runs a four-day internship with a cash incentive of ¥100,000. And the ‘Big Four’ audit companies – Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG and PWC – employ more than 30,000 interns per year in offices in different countries, which may lead to a full-time position later on.

2 It is true that the majority of internships do not come with a cash reward or the promise of a job offer. For many, an internship can mean some unpaid hours spent making coffee and doing someone’s photocopying. However, you have to start somewhere and in most cases, it will benefit you in the long-run. Alongside some menial tasks, you’ll be learning about the professional work environment and meeting future contacts. One key piece of advice when you begin is to let the company know your areas of interest; find out if they can help you improve your performance in certain skills. Companies appreciate when interns show interest in this way and they will reward your enthusiasm with a reference full of praise and recognition of your achievements. This could make all the difference at your first interview for a paid job.

3 Individuals such as freelancers and job-seekers also need to think carefully about their social media image before posting photos and comments online.

Exercise 2 — Which paragraph (1–3) is about …?
2 — True or False?
Read the article again and decide if each statement is true (T) or false (F).
3 — Match each word to its definition
Each pair of words has a similar meaning but a different emphasis. For each pair, match each word to the definition that fits it best.
4 — Listening 2.1
🔊 Listening 2.1: Three people talking about their jobs

📁 br2_004_a2_1.mp3

Claudia My job involves visiting different hotels to sell various ranges of soap, shampoo and other toiletries. My sales territory covers Germany and Austria. I love my job. I get a lot of fulfilment from meeting new people, and from the travel. I also value the autonomy. I'm provided with essential benefits like a company car. What is very important for me is the commission — I get 15% of everything I sell, with no upper limit — and that's a big incentive.
Peter Every month, we have a sales competition with prizes. If you've met your targets, you get reward vouchers — maybe a hot air balloon trip or a spa treatment. I usually give these to someone on my sales team who deserves them. The real incentive for us managers is getting invited on a special trip once a year — last year it was a week in Africa climbing Kilimanjaro. The company also thinks development is important: there are lots of training opportunities, not just professional but also things like horticulture or painting. One of the biggest perks is the very generous staff discount on all our car models.
Macie People think you travel all over the place every week. But most of the time it's a fast turnaround — checking in seats and serving drinks. On a regular basis, the travel really isn't that exciting. But the staff discount is great — my whole family get hugely reduced fares. The salary's a little below average, but the compensation plan is good: it includes a profit-sharing scheme, a non-contributory pension plan, private medical insurance and incentives like attendance rewards and on-time bonuses. One of the good things is that we do get appreciation — senior management comes round and thanks us personally when we've met our targets — and that gives me a real sense of achievement.
📝 Open questions — share in class
1. What job does each speaker do?
Claudia: Sales rep selling soap, shampoo and toiletries to hotels (Germany & Austria).
Peter: Manager at a car dealership.
Macie: Flight attendant.
2. What benefits, rewards and incentives does their company provide?
Claudia: BlackBerry & laptop, company car, 15% commission, merchandise, vouchers, social events.
Peter: Sales competition prizes (hot-air balloon, spa), special trips, training opportunities, staff discount on cars.
Macie: Reduced fares for family, profit-sharing scheme, non-contributory pension plan, private medical insurance, attendance rewards, on-time bonuses.
3. What other factors give them job satisfaction?
Claudia: Meeting new people, travel, autonomy, being acknowledged and recognised.
Peter: Positive feedback, praise from management.
Macie: Travel on long-haul flights; senior management personally thanks staff when targets are met.
5 — Material vs Non-material benefits
Click each benefit to assign it as material or non-material. Then click Check Answers.
Material benefits
Non-material benefits
📋 Discussion — bring your notes to class
Make notes on these questions. You will use them in the next lesson's open class discussion.
1. Which of the material benefits are standard in an employment contract in your country? Which are additional?
2. How does this vary according to profession?
3. How important to you are the non-material benefits? How do they compare to the material benefits?
1 — Reading: The Art of Small Talk
Context: A global media company has organized its annual incentive event to reward its most successful staff – a one-week cruise. Employees from all over the world have arrived on board and are now meeting on the first evening.
THE ART OF SMALL TALK

1 Introduce yourself and use a ‘tag line’, e.g. Hi, I’m Jules from Munich. This can get the conversation started as your colleague can ask a question about your home town or your trip.

2 When your colleague introduces himself/herself, try to repeat his/her name when you reply, or use their name later in the conversation.

3 Break the ice with a comment about a current news story or a remark about the event you’re at, its location and the weather.

4 Avoid these topics of conversation: your health, your private life, gossip. The best conversation topics are sports, books, theatre, movies, food, museums and travel.

5 Keep the conversation flowing by not monopolizing it. Ask a question and really listen to your colleague’s reply.

6 Ask open questions which require more than a one-word answer.

7 Use sounds like hmm and words like Really to indicate that you are listening and interested.

8 Share information about yourself, but keep it positive.

2 — Examples of small talk (Listening 2.2)
🔊 Listening 2.2: Four conversations from the first evening of the cruise

📁 br2_004_a2_2.mp3

Conversation 1

Harry Hello, I saw you sitting on my table at dinner, but I didn't have a chance to speak to you. I'm Harry.
Alessandro Hi. I'm Alessandro.
Harry Who did you come with? Is this your first company event?
Alessandro Yes.
Harry Oh. Well, I'm sure you'll have a great weekend. Have you seen the programme?
Alessandro No, not yet.
Harry Oh. Well, it looks very entertaining. I think there are some left at the information desk. Are you, um, here with colleagues?
Alessandro No.
Harry Well, you'll soon get to know people. So, um, would you like another drink?
Alessandro No, I'm fine, thanks.
Harry Well, it's been nice talking to you … erm … Alessandro. You don't mind if I go and get myself a coffee? See you later.

Conversation 2

Paolo Hi, I don't think we've met. I'm Paolo from Napoli — I work for one of the company's suppliers.
Sonia Hi, nice to meet you. I'm Sonia … from France.
Paolo Nice to meet you.
Sonia So … I've heard that Naples is becoming very popular for foreign investors — is that true?
Paolo Well, Sonia, it's interesting that you say that because …

Conversation 3

Sumitra Hi, I'm Sumitra, based in the UK.
Krishnan Hello, I'm Krishnan. Sorry, where are you from originally?
Sumitra Well, my parents live in Calcutta. I was born there, but I've moved around a lot.
Krishnan You are from Calcutta? No! That's amazing! My parents are from India — in fact, they are there now visiting relatives.
Sumitra What a coincidence! Where do they come from?
Krishnan From Bhiwandi — near Mumbai.
Sumitra Bhiwandi … Isn't it famous for its textile industry?
Krishnan That's right, yes … So have you spent much time in India recently …?

Conversation 4

Adam Good evening, Adriana. I thought I might see you. Back for another company event?
Adriana Oh, Adam — how lovely to see you here. I heard you weren't coming.
Adam Really? Who told you?
Adriana Um, I can't remember — but anyway, how are things?
Adam Oh, Adriana — where should I begin? I injured my leg in January in a skiing accident. The doctor told me to take it easy. But how could I rest, with my job? Then I got flu, but we were organizing a huge trade fair at the time so I had to keep going …
Adriana Oh, oh dear …
Adam … then I had problems at home with my daughter, she's fifteen, you know, and …
Adriana Oh, I'm so sorry to hear that. Look, I have to go, Adam. Catch you later.
📝 Open questions — share in class
1. Conversation 1: What does Harry say to start the conversation? What phrases does he use to end it?
Start: “Hello, I saw you sitting on my table at dinner, but I didn’t have a chance to speak to you. I’m Harry.”
End: “Well, it’s been nice talking to you.” / “You don’t mind if I go and get myself a coffee?” / “See you later.”
Result: Not successful — Alessandro answers briefly without effort to develop the conversation.
2. Conversation 2: What does Paolo say to start the conversation? How does Sonia respond?
Start: “Hi, I don’t think we’ve met. I’m Paolo from Napoli.”
Response: “Hi, nice to meet you. I’m Sonia… from France.”
Result: Successful — both speakers use the conversation naturally.
3. Conversation 3: What two phrases show the speakers are interested in what the other has said?
“That’s amazing!” and “What a coincidence!” — good example of finding shared experience.
4. Conversation 4: What phrases do Adriana and Adam use to greet each other? How does Adriana show she is listening?
Greeting: “Good evening, Adriana” / “How lovely to see you here.”
Listening: “Oh dear.” / “Oh, I’m so sorry to hear that.”
Result: Unsuccessful — Adam describes his problems (breaking tip 8), so Adriana uses an exit strategy.
3 — Listening 2.3: Put the phrases in the correct order
🔊 Listening 2.3 — Adriana's second conversation

📁 br2_004_a2_3.mp3

Harry Hello. It's Adriana, isn't it? We met before dinner.
Adriana That's right. You're Harry. Dinner was fantastic, wasn't it?
Harry Yeah, it was, yeah.
Adriana How are you enjoying the event?
Harry Very much. It's good to meet people from different parts of the group. Have you been before?
Adriana Yes, I have. About three years ago, in Egypt. Were you there?
Harry No, I wasn't, unfortunately. I heard it was good fun. Where are you from, by the way?
Adriana I'm from Spain originally, but I'm working in Switzerland — a two-year posting in Head Office in Geneva.
Harry Who are you working with?
Adriana With the European HR team. I work with Ulrika Thomson.
Harry No! What a coincidence! I know her very well. Say hello to her for me, won't you?
Adriana Of course I will.
Harry So … what are you working on?
Adriana Right now, we're trying to harmonize remuneration packages across the group — pension plans and savings schemes. What about you? Don't you live in Italy?
Harry Yes, in Milan. I work in R&D, but I'm thinking of moving.
Adriana Really? Can I ask where?
Harry I'd like to stay in Italy but maybe move within the group. I'm thinking of talking to HR.
Adriana That sounds interesting. In fact, I'm coming to Milan in a couple of weeks. Would you like to meet up and talk some more?
Harry Yes, I would. Thanks very much.
Adriana Well, I'd be delighted to show you around.
Harry Thank you. That would be very nice.
Adriana has a second, more successful conversation. Drag the phrases below into the order they appear (1–10). Phrase b is already in position 1.
4 — Ending and leaving a conversation
Exercise 1 — Match each conversation closer (1–5) to its natural continuation (a–e). Click a number, then click the matching letter.
Exercise 1 — Match each conversation opener/closer (1–5) to its natural continuation (a–e). Click a number, then click the matching letter.
📖 1 — The Art of Conversation: BIRDS
📌 Post-it question — think about this before class. We’ll discuss it together.
What makes a good conversation? What is the difference between a good one and a bad one?
Good conversations follow five simple steps. Complete the BIRDS acronym below using the clues.
B — your body movement and facial expressions
I — show that you want to know more
R — respond to what the other person says
D — keep the conversation going
S — talk about yourself too
Body language   Interest   React   Develop   Share
Think about silence in a conversation. Is it always negative? Can you think of situations where a pause is useful or even powerful?
💬 2 — Echoing: showing interest through question tags
As well as showing interest through body language, another way to demonstrate that you’re interested is to echo the points that other people make. This shows that you empathise and agree, which encourages the other person to keep talking.

Echoing is often done with question tags like this:

Person A says:

It’s cold this morning.

I was stuck in traffic for half an hour near the airport.

That was a long meeting, wasn’t it?

They’ve done a good job with the decorating.

Person B echoes:

It’s freezing, isn’t it?

It gets so busy around there, doesn’t it?

Yes. I didn’t expect it to last all afternoon. (developing the echo)

Definitely. It looks really good. haven’t they?

❓ Type 1 — Real questions

The speaker is genuinely asking for information. They’re not sure of the answer.

You’re from Milan, aren’t you?
It’s Kirsten, isn’t it?

✓ Type 2 — Confirmation / echo tags

The speaker already agrees and is showing interest or inviting the other person to continue.

It’s freezing, isn’t it?
That was a long meeting, wasn’t it?

Look at the examples above. Which type of question tag is used for echoing — Type 1 or Type 2? How can you tell?
🔗 3 — Classify the questions
Match each question (a–f) to its question type: Indirect (I), Negative (N), or Tag (T). Then think about whether each tag question is Type 1 (real question) or Type 2 (confirmation/echo).
✏️ 4 — Rewrite the questions
Rewrite each question using the word(s) given.

Indirect questions

Use a phrase like Do you know …, Could you tell me …, I’d like to know … before the question. After the phrase, use subject–verb order (not verb–subject).

Where does Mr Elmore work?Could you tell me where Mr Elmore works?

Negative questions

Use the contracted negative auxiliary: Aren’t you based in Milan? / Didn’t you work for them?

Question tags

Positive statement → negative tag: It’s hot, isn’t it?
Negative statement → positive tag: You haven’t seen my keys, have you?

💡 Grammar Reference

Indirect questions

Use a phrase like Do you know …, Could you tell me …, I’d like to know … before the question. After the phrase, use subject–verb order (not verb–subject).

Where does Mr Elmore work?Could you tell me where Mr Elmore works?

Negative questions

Use the contracted negative auxiliary: Aren’t you based in Milan? / Didn’t you work for them?

Question tags

Positive statement → negative tag: It’s hot, isn’t it?
Negative statement → positive tag: You haven’t seen my keys, have you?

Echo/confirmation tags (Type 2): the speaker already knows the answer and is showing interest or inviting the other person to keep talking. It’s freezing, isn’t it?

📖 Working with Words
1 — Multiple choice (1–10)
Choose the correct option (a, b or c) for each sentence.
2 — Match word to statement
Match each word from the box to the statement it describes (1–6).
💬 Business Communication
3 — Number the conversation in the correct order (1–12)
Alain is making small talk with Kirsten at a conference. Drag the lines into the correct order. Line b (Hello. It’s Kirsten…) is already in position 1.
4 — Choose the appropriate phrase
Click the correct phrase in each conversation exchange.
⚙️ Language at Work
5 — Rewrite as indirect questions
Rewrite each direct question as an indirect question using the phrase given.
6 — Change to negative questions
Rewrite each question as a negative question.
7 — Add a suitable question tag
Type the correct question tag for each sentence.